Layer 4 – how TCP and UDP ports work

When it comes to computer networking, there are various protocols and technologies that are used to establish communication between devices. Layer 4 of the OSI model is one such technology that plays a crucial role in this communication. In this article, we will...

MAC address OUI values

A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. This use is common in most IEEE 802 networking technologies, including Ethernet,...

Network basics – the OSI model

The world of computer networks can be confusing, especially if you are new to the field. However, once you understand the basic building blocks of a network, it becomes much easier to understand how data is transmitted and received. One of the most important concepts...

Window functions in MySQL

Window functions are a new feature that was introduced in MySQL 8.0 and they have the ability to perform advanced analytics within the database itself. With these functions, users can perform operations like running totals, moving averages, and ranking without having...